The Ankh was the key of eternal life. The gods are often seen holding an ankh to the Pharaoh's lips. This is considered to be an offering of "The Breath of Life", the breath you will need in the afterlife.

The Was Scepter was the symbol of power and dominion. It has the head of a Jackal on top. The Was Scepter is carried by deities as a sign of their power. It is also seen being carried by kings and later by people of lesser stature in mortuary scenes.

The Eye of Horus or Eye of Ra was called the Udjat. It represents the right eye of the Sun God Horus and was also associated with the Sun God Ra. According to legend, the left eye was torn from Horus by his brother Seth. It was magically restored by Thoth, the God of Magick. After the restoration, some stories state, Horus made a gift of the eye to Osiris, which allowed this solar deity to rule the underworld. The Eye of Horus was believed to have healing and protective power, and it was used as a protective amulet, and as a medical measuring device, using the mathematical proportions of the eye to determine the proportions of ingredients in medical preparations) to prepare medications. The Egyptians did write prescriptions. Those prescriptions were first magical verses, and then the real prescription. The Eye of Horus was an important part of the magical part of the prescription. With time the magical part became smaller, and the real prescription more important. Eventually, all that was left of the magical verse was the Eye of Horus. It remained in prescriptions to this day as the R at the beginning of each prescription:

The Uraeus or Cobra and the Vulture were symbols of protection, the Cobra for Lower Egypt, and the Vulture for Upper Egypt.

The Lotus was the plant symbolizing Upper Egypt, the Papyrus the plant symbolizing Lower Egypt.

The Reed or Su plant and the Bee are another set of symbols representing Upper and Lower Egypt respectively.

The Cartouche was used to highlight the Pharaohs name. Every time the name of a Pharaoh appears, it is enclosed in a Cartouche. These Cartouches were instrumental in the deciphering of the Egyptian Hieroglyphic writing from the Rosetta Stone. Scientists could identify the names of the Pharaohs in the different scripts and translate them from there.

Crowns

The Deshret or Red Crown of Lower Egypt. (540k)

The Hedjet or White Crown of Upper Egypt. (452k)

The Pshent, or Double Crown was used by the Pharaohs after Upper and Lower Egypt were united. (357k)

The Blue Crown or War Crown. (429k)

The Atef, the Crown of Osiris. (344k)

Life and Protection

The Was Scepter (left), a Symbol of Power, with the head of a jackal. The Ankh (right) is the symbol of Eternal Life. (292k)

Eye of Horus/Eye of Ra

Relief of the Eye of Horus (with the Was Scepter to the right) in the Philae Temple of Isis (415k)

Upper and Lower Egypt

The Bee (left) was a symbol of Lower Egypt, the Su Plant or Reed (center) was a symbol of Upper Egypt. The Ankh (right), was the symbol of Eternal Life. (366k)

A nice example of the Su Plant, the Reed (center right). (632k)

The Cobra was a symbol of Protection, mostly associated with Lower Egypt, shown here as a pair with both the Deshret and the Hedjet. (345k)

The Vulture was the symbol of protection for Upper Egypt. (319k)

The Lotus (plants on the left) is the symbol of Upper Egypt, the Papyrus (plants on the right) the symbol of Lower Egypt. (365k)

Pharaohs

The Cartouche is the oval around the Pharaoh's name with the horizontal bar at the bottom. These Cartouches were instrumental in helping deciphering the Hieroglyphics. They provided the means of identifying individual hieroglyphs on the Rosetta Stone, and correlating them with the Greek inscriptions of the names of the Pharaohs in the Cartouches. (593k)

Here are the links to the other pages on Egypt:

Today's Egypt		Ancient Egypt
People	Nature	Architecture	Mythology	Pharaohs

All pictures are © Günther Eichhorn

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